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        <h3>Photoshop</h3>
		<h4>Basic Photoshop shortcuts:</h4>
		<table class="mtable">
		<tbody>
			<tr>
			  <td>x</td>
			  <td>exchange foreground and background color</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>d</td>
			  <td>set default foreground and background color</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>hold Alt key while brush tool selected</td>
			  <td>turn cursor into eyedropper to sample color on the image</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Tab/Ctrl+Shift+Tab</td>
			  <td>cycle through opened images in PS</td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+d</td>
			  <td>deselect selection</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+h</td>
			  <td>hide/view selection</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Shift+i</td>
			  <td>inverse selection</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+active selection</td>
			  <td>ready to move the selection</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Alt+active selection</td>
			  <td>duplicate the selection and ready to move</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Alt+~</td>
			  <td>select highlight area of the image</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+Delete</td>
			  <td>fill with foreground color</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Delete</td>
			  <td>fill with background color</td>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+click on mask icon</td>
			  <td>view just the mask (toggle)</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+click on create mask icon</td>
			  <td>create mask filled with black</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Shift+click on mask icon</td>
			  <td>disable/enable the mask</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+click on mask icon</td>
			  <td>turn white area of the mask into selection</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+Shift+click on mask icon</td>
			  <td>view the mask in quick mask mode (toggle)</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>click on mask icon, Alt+drag it to other layer </td>
			  <td>duplicate mask to other layer </td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+j</td>
			  <td>new layer via copy</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Alt+Shift+n</td>
			  <td>create new layer</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Alt+Shift+e</td>
			  <td>copy all visible layers into a new empty layer</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Shift+e</td>
			  <td>merge all visible layers into current active layer</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+click on any of the alpha channel icon</td>
			  <td>load the white/bright area of the alpha channel as selection</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>with selection active, Ctrl+Shift+click on any of the alpha channel icon</td>
			  <td>add the white/bright area of the alpha channel to existing selection</td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Alt+4</td>
			  <td>load the white area of the 4th channel (alpha channel) as selection</td>
		    </tr>	
			<tr>
			  <td>Double click on the channel's icon</td>
			  <td>bring up channel's option</td>
		    </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+drag existing channel to new channel icon </td>
			  <td>create the channel to new or other document </td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>~</td>
			  <td>toggle view RGB image when channel's pallet is active or in quick mask mode. In quick mask mode, you can load selection from other alpha channel to delete balck or white areas. </td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+0169</td>
			  <td>&copy; copyright symbol, while holding down Alt, type 0169 on the numeric keypad</td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Ctrl+Space Bar+left mouse click</td>
			  <td>zoom in</td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Alt+Space Bar+left mouse click</td>
			  <td>zoom out</td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Double click on Hand tool</td>
			  <td>zoom picture to fit screen</td>
		  </tr>
			<tr>
			  <td>Double click on zoom tool</td>
			  <td>zoom picture to 100%</td>
		  </tr>									    
		  </tbody></table>
		  
		  <h4>Sharpening guidelines (Unsharen Mask)</h4>
		  <p>Sharpen to a new layer and take the blend mode to luminosity (prevent color artifect).</p>
			<table class="mtable">
			<tbody>
				<tr>
				  <td>Standard Sharpening</td>
				  <td>Amount 100</br>Radius <= 2</br>Threshold 5</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>Soft Images</td>
				  <td>Amount 140</br>Radius &lt;= 1</br>Threshold 10</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>People</td>
				  <td>Amount 100</br>Radius <2</br>Threshold &lt; 4</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>For the web </td>
				  <td>Amount 200-400</br>Radius <= 0.5</br>Threshold 0 </td>
				</tr>
			</tbody></table>

		  <h4>Digital photo print size (Chunlan Digital Print 254 pixel/inch)</h4>
		  <table class="mtable">
			<tbody>
				<tr>
				  <td>1 inch</td>
				  <td>1.4 x 1 inch</td>
				  <td>3.556 * 2.54 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>2 inch</td>
				  <td>2 x 1.5 inch</td>
				  <td>5.08 * 3.81 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>3 inch</td>
				  <td>3 x 2 inch</td>
				  <td>7.62 * 5.08 cm</td>
				</tr>                                            
				<tr>
				  <td>5 inch</td>
				  <td>5 x 3.5 inch</td>
				  <td>12.7 * 8.89 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>6 inch</td>
				  <td>6 x 4 inch</td>
				  <td>15.24 * 10.16 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
				  <td>7 inch</td>
				  <td>7 x 5 inch</td>
				  <td>17.78 * 12.7 cm</td>
				</tr>    
				<tr>
				  <td>8 inch</td>
				  <td>8 x 6 inch</td>
				  <td>20.32 * 15.24 cm</td>
				</tr>                
				<tr>
				  <td>10 inch</td>
				  <td>10 x 8 inch</td>
				  <td>25.4 * 20.32 cm</td>
				</tr>                                                            
				<tr>
                  <td>12 inch</td>
				  <td>12 x 10 inch</td>
				  <td>30.48 * 25.4 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
                  <td>16 inch</td>
				  <td>16 x 12 inch</td>
				  <td>40.64 * 30.48 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
                  <td>18 inch</td>
				  <td>18 x 14 inch</td>
				  <td>45.72 * 35.56 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
                  <td>20 inch</td>
				  <td>20 x 16 inch</td>
				  <td>50.8 * 40.64 cm</td>
				</tr>    
				<tr>
                  <td>24 inch</td>
				  <td>24 x 20 inch</td>
				  <td>60.96 * 50.8 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
                  <td>30 inch</td>
				  <td>30 x 24 inch</td>
				  <td>76.2 * 60.96 cm</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
                  <td>40 inch</td>
				  <td>40 x 30 inch</td>
				  <td>101.61 * 76.2 cm</td>
				</tr>                                                                                            
     		</tbody>
            </table>
          <h4>Singapore Photo size (1 inch = 2.54cm):</h4>
          <table class="mtable">
            <tr>
              <td>3R</td>
              <td>3.5&quot; x 5&quot;</td>
               <td>8.89cm x 12.7cm</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>4R</td>
              <td>4&quot; x 6&quot;</td>
               <td>10.16cm x 15.24cm</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>5R</td>
              <td>5&quot; x 7&quot;</td>
               <td>12.7cm x 17.8cm</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>8R</td>
             <td>8&quot; x 10&quot;</td>
               <td>20.32 x 25.4cm</td>
            </tr>
          </table>
          <h4><a href="http://www.kodakexpresscamden.com/Passport-Singapore.html">Singapore passport photo size: 3.5cm x 4.5 cm</a></h4>
          <p><strong>35 mm wide by 45 mm</strong> high is the size required for passport photos <br />
            Your <strong>face must measure between 25 mm and 35 mm</strong> from   chin to crown of head<br />
Taken against a <strong>white background, except that if your hair, hat or head   covering is white, the background must be light gray</strong></p>
          <p align="left"><strong>Singapore Passport Photos :: Online application (Image burned to CD)</strong></p>
          <p align="left">The general guidelines for Singapore Passport Photos as above must be followed but in addition </p>
          <ul>
            <li>
              Passport Photo file size should not exceed 60kb
            </li>
            <li>
              514 x 400 pixels is the size specified by Singapore Passport Agencies 
            </li>
            <li>
              The passport photo must be submitted in jpeg format
          </li>
          </ul>
          <table class="ctable">
            <thead>
	  <tr>
        <th colspan="3"><div align="left">In the Filter Gallery, the following filters use the foreground color, the
          background color, or both:</div></th>
        </tr>
	  </thead>
	  <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>Artistic</td>
        <td>Colored Pencil</td>
        <td>Background</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Neon Glow</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Distort</td>
        <td>Diffuse Glow</td>
        <td>Background</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Pixelate</td>
        <td>Pointillize</td>
        <td>Background</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Render</td>
        <td>Clouds</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Difference Clouds</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Fibers</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Sketch</td>
        <td>Bas Relief</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Chalk &amp; Charcoal</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Charcoal</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Conte Crayon</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Graphic Pen</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Halftone Pattern</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Note Paper</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Photocopy</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Plaster</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Reticulation</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Stamp</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>Torn Edges</td>
        <td>Both</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Stylize</td>
        <td>Tiles</td>
        <td>Either</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Texture</td>
        <td>Stained Glass</td>
        <td>Foreground</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Other</td>
        <td>Offset</td>
        <td>Background</td>
      </tr>
	  </tbody>
    </table>
			
			<p><br />Brush tool selected, press and hold Shift key to paint strictly horizontally or vertically.</p>
			<p>To edit a style, must convert it to a bitmap image layer: Layer -> Layer Style -> Create Layer</p>
			<p>gif support transpancy, tiff (lossless format) support alpha channel, jpg does not support transpancy or alpha channel.</p>
			<p>If u want to resize a bitmap image inside psd file, you may want to turn (Layer -&gt; Smart Objects -&gt; Group into new smart object) it into a smart object first.</p>
			<p>Skin smooth: after apply Gaussian blur,  which make it look rather unrealistic,  put some  texture back into the skin. Go to Filter-&gt;Noise-&gt;Add Noise. For amount, put about 2.5%, Uniformed and Monochromatic selected.</p>
			<p>Record action with Percent as unit of measure, when play the action, unit can be set as others.</p>
			<p>Use difference masking to make tough selection of a subject by taking two snapshot of the scene with and without the object.</p>
			<p>After applying filter Unsharp Mask or other sharpen filter, go to Edit -> Fade Unsharp Mask, change the blending mode to Luminosity to avoid any color shift.</p>
	    	<p>File -> Place to place a smart object into document.</p>
			<p>Box Blur and Smart Blur work similar to Gaussian Blur, but maintain better details.</p>
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